In this article we present a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) on 40 European states to disentangle the causal complexity of Istanbul Convention ratification decisions. We identify four pathways for ratification, driven by feminist egalitarian norms, international conditionality, pro-European governments at odds with social opposition, and societies unwilling to mobilize for conservative religious institutions. We unpack these causal patterns in four minimalist case studies. The article reveals causation underlying contention between pro-gender, anti-gender, and state actors, and resultant policy outcomes.
Krizsán, A., Roggeband, C., & Zeller, M. C. (2024). Who is Afraid of the Istanbul Convention? Explaining Opposition to and Support for Gender Equality. Comparative Political Studies, 0(0).
https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140241290205